SAP SD Flow

The SAP SD process flow steps are as follows:

• Sales Inquiry
• Quotation
• Sales order
• Delivery/Shipping
• Billing/Invoice

Introduction to SAP Sales and Distribution 

SAP SD supports the whole order-to-cash process chain, from customer inquiry to sales order to product delivery to the customer's preferred location, as well as invoicing and payment collection. Shipping, packing, and Picking activities are among the logistics execution modules that are heavily interconnected.

SAP SD was designed to handle all of a company's sales and distribution processes on a daily basis. A business can plan and carry out the steps required in receiving sales orders, executing availability checks, and so on;supplying the supply chain with the requirements, including those derived from sales predictions; and then converting them to expertise production planning, scheduling, production, production scheduling, and purchasing. The materials are then moved to the distribution end of the sales activities, which includes shipping, transportation planning, and yard management, via warehousing and inventory management.

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What is the Process of Sales and Distribution (SD)?

SAP ERP Sales and Distribution (SAP ERP SD) integrates with other SAP ERP functions such as SAP ERP Materials Management (SAP ERP MM) and SAP ERP Logistics Execution (SAP ERP LE) to cover an organization's whole order-to-cash process.

The SAP ERP SD software package is designed to capture practically all business activity, and it allows you to construct custom solutions to bridge the gap between the prepackaged application and the desired state if standard capability isn't available. Out-of-the-box most common business tasks are covered by SAP ERP SD functionality, which is universal across most sectors. The following is a high-level overview of the process flow.

Activity of Pre-sales 

In real-world circumstances, the firm must collect basic data and build master records in the system for existing or potential consumers, or develop data for persons, sales prospects, and existing customers before the transaction can take place. After that, the real contact or sales deal with the sales prospects is made, which can then be documented as a SAP ERP SD document in the form of an inquiry or quotation. We can also specify critical sales-related data that could be accessed for reporting, evaluating sales efforts, managing marketing money, and finally converting to sales orders. All of these activities fall under the SAP SD Pre Sales activity.

Processing of Sales Orders

The recording of the real sales order or sales request is the first step in the order processing process. Sales orders can be recorded by back office workers, sales team, or directly by the customer. It can be done by the consumer using a web application or an EDM (EDI). Alternatively, you can use an XML interface. Customer, partner (sold-to, ship-to, bill-to, payment conditions), material, quantity, pricing, delivery date, and shipping and transportation information for delivery are all included in the sales order. At the time of order generation, a material/product availability check is performed, which triggers any necessary procurement requests. The sales order's requirements can be met using available in-house stock inventories obtained by the replenishment team.

Processing of Deliveries

The delivery documents are prepared on the shipping due date, the route is chosen, and the picking, packing, staging, and loading procedure in Warehouse Management begins. Data from the delivery document is copied into the transfer order. Grouped deliveries, wave picking, and two-step are all standard SAP features. The confirmation of the transfer order completes the picking activities in the warehouse. Transfer orders can be executed as printed pick tickets or in electronic form using radio frequency (RF) devices on the warehouse floor. We can start engaging with freight service providers, start the tendering process, and finish by preparing the shipping cost document, which captures the payable actions linked to the delivery of goods to your clients, if transportation management capabilities are enabled. Picking begins with the delivery packing list and bill of lading. The posting of the product issue completes the process, resulting in stock movement or a confirmation of service, which reduces your on-hand inventory balance and updates the SAP ERP Financials balance sheet accounts (SAP ERP FI).

Invoicing and Revenue Identification, Reporting

The final step before collecting a customer's money is to create a billing document or invoice, which is then sent to the customer's bill-to party. Data is copied from either the sales document or the delivery document and other billing papers to create credit or debit memos, just as it is with the delivery document. We perform account determination and appropriate SAP General Ledger (G/L) account posts that debit the customer's receivables and credit the revenue account when we prepare the billing document.

The stock movement data was stored in the material documents that were created when the goods issue was posted, as well as a subsequent accounting document. The purchase order for the transportation service provider became an account payable entry, and the customer's payment was likewise filed against the invoice or billing document.

Finally, all operations in the SAP SD process are reflected in the system as documents, master data, and pricing records, and they are used as a foundation for reporting and analysis in the Sales Information System (SIS) or SAP BW.

Steps of SAP SD Flow:

1) Sales Inquiry

The inquiry is a sales document that keeps track of the information concerning the customer's queries. Customers inquire about the availability of a specific product, how much it costs if it is available and whether the product will be available on a specific date. It's nothing more than a request from a customer to the sales team. Create an inquiry sales document in SAP whenever a customer wants information about a product.

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SAP INQUIRY Creation

Step 1: Open the SAP SD window.

In the SD Master Data Screen, enter transaction code VA11.In the SD Master Data Screen, enter transaction code VA11. 

Step 2: Enter the information of an Organization

• Type IN for the Inquiry type.
• Enter Sales organization, Distribution channel, and Division.
• Click on Sales.
• The sales organization in our example is 1000, the distribution channel is 10, and the division is 00.

Step 3: Provide the details of Customer and Material 

• Enter the sold-to-party and ship-to-party addresses for the inquiry.
• Enter the material number that the customer has inquired about.
• In our instance, customer 1000 is looking for a material R-1140 with a quantity of 10.

• After the data is entered click the Save button.
• The following message would appear on the screen.

10000004 has been saved as an inquiry. 

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2) Quotation

A quotation is a sales document that is prepared in response to a customer request after the inquiry document has been created. We can create a quotation based on the inquiry. A quotation is a document in which a vendor offers products or services to a buyer at a specific price and under specified terms.
The price that the company has determined to charge for the service or items that will be provided should be included in the quotation. The information in a quotation document pertains to the delivery of a specified quantity of a product at a specific price on a specific date. It has a validity term, during which the customer could place an order using the quotation. This is a legal document in which a corporation agrees to charge a specific amount to a specific customer for a specific time period, after which the agreement becomes invalid.

SAP QUOTATION Creation 

Step 1: Launch the SAP SD screen

On the SD Master Data Screen, enter transaction code VA21.

Step 2: Enter the Organizational Data and Quote Type

• Enter QT as the type of quotation.
• Enter Sales organization, Distribution channel, and Division.
• Click on Create with reference.
• The sales organization in our example is 1000, the distribution channel is 10, and the division is 00. 

Step 3: Type the Inquiry Reference Number

• Enter the number of the inquiry for which you'd want a quote.
• Click on Copy.
• In this example, we'll make a quotation for the number 10000004. 

Step 4: Enter the Details of  Customer and Product 

• Enter the sold-to-party, ship-to-party, and PO number for the quotation.
• Enter the validity period, which is the amount of time the quotation is valid for.
• Enter the material and quantities that a business offers to a client.
  Click on Save.
• In our instance, customer 1000 is looking for a material R-1140 with a quantity of 10. 

• After you've entered all of your data, click the Save button.
• It displays the following message.
• The Quotation 20000066 has been saved.

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3) Sales order

A 'Sales Order' is a contract between a Customer and a Sales organization for the provision of specific goods and/or services over a set period of time. The sales order receives all required information from the Customer master record and the Material master record. A 'preceding document,' such as an inquiry/quotation, may be used to construct the sales order. IIn this scenario, the sales order receives all of the beginning data from the preceding document. T-code -VA01.

Step 1:

• In the command field, type T-code VA01.
• Enter order type OR for Standard order.
• In the Organizational Data block, enter the sales organization/ distribution channel/ division.
• To create a sales order from an inquiry or quotation, click the Create with Reference button. 

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Step 2:

• In the quotation tab, type the number of the quotation.
• Select the copy button. 

Step 3:

• Type Ship-To-Party / PO number / PO date.
• Enter Req. delivery date.
• We can change the order quantity.
• Click on the save button. 

Step 4:

A message appears that reads, "Standard Order 2000958 has been saved."

4) Delivery/Shipping

You use the SAP System to produce and process delivery orders based on information from the customer's pick-upsheets.

Process Flow

• You and the customer already have an outline agreement, in this case, a particular scheduling agreement for delivery order processing.
• The customer prepares data for delivery and sends it to you on a pick-up sheet based on this scheduling arrangement (and the forwarding agent).
• The inbound pick-up sheet is received by an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) subsystem, which converts it to an intermediate document (IDoc), which is subsequently saved in your SAP system.
• The inbound pick-up sheet is received by an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) subsystem, which converts it to an intermediate document (IDoc) that is subsequently saved in your SAP system. The system uses this information to determine the corresponding scheduling agreement and generates schedule lines in the delivery order that meet the customer's needs. The delivery order is handled similarly to a typical order.
• To prepare the things for pick-up, you create a regular delivery. For each unloading point, delivery is created.
• The supplies are picked up by the customer's forwarding agent on time.
• The invoice for the delivery has been generated. To pay, the consumer refers to the billing document's pick-up sheet number. 

5) Billing/Invoice

Billing is the final stage of the SAP Sales and Distribution module's business transaction execution. Billing information is available at each stage of the order processing process, including when the order is completed and delivered.

The following components make up billing:

• Return goods credit and debit memos.
• Create invoices for deliveries and services.
• Cancellation of Billing transactions.
• Functions of Pricing
• Discount and Rebates.
• Transferring billing data to Financial Accounting FI. 

Billing is strongly connected to the structure of a business, and it might be assigned to a Sales Organization, a Distribution Channel, or a division.

Key functions in Billing

• Billing Types.
• Match codes.
• Number Range.
• Blocking Reasons.
• Display billing list.
• Display billing duelist. 

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Document Types for Billing

For a credit memo, debit memo, invoice, or canceled transaction, a billing document is created. A header and a list of items appear on each billing sheet. The billing type is usually responsible for the billing documents.

In the header of a billing document, general information like as

• Date of Billing
• Payer identification number
• Billing value
• Currency
• Partner Identification numbers like ship-to-party, sold-to-party, etc.
• Pricing Elements 

You should keep the following information in the item list:

• Material Number
• Quantity of goods
• Volume and weight
• Value of Individual items
• Pricing element for individual items

You produce, change, and delete billing documents such as invoices, credit memos, debit memos, and so on while performing billing processing.

Billing processing also entails the preparation of billing documents, as shown in the example below.

• To a sales order
• To a delivery
• To external transactions

You can refer to a full document, specific items, or fractions of objects.

The following methods can be used to create a billing document:

• When a system runs a background operation to process a billing duelist.
• Using a worklist to manually process.
• A billing document could also be created explicitly. 

Billing Documents Creation

Use T-Code: VF01

Navigate to Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Billing → Billing Document → Create.

A new window will open, where you may input the Billing Type, Date, and Document Number to create the document. Save the file.

• VF02 − To change the Billing Document
• VF03 − Display Billing Document
• VF11 − Cancel a Billing Document
• VF05 − List Billing Document 

Conclusion:

In this blog, we have successfully learned the implementation steps required for processing the SAP SD flow.