UI Developer Interview questions

Name at least three position property attributes.

Ans : Absolute, Fixed, Relative, Inherent and Static are position property attributes.

. Explain the differences between the quartet of position properties: Relative, Absolute, Static, and Fixed.

Ans : Static - an undeclared position for an element automatically files the element as static in the CSS. Static positioning is the default position.  

• Relative - relative elements’ position can be changed from the current position based on the space you mention. 

• Absolute - an absolute positioning allows the placement of any page element anywhere you want it by using the position attributes to set a location. 

• Fixed - a fixed page element is rooted to the same spot even when you scroll up or down.

. Explain Web Accessibility.

Ans : Web Accessibility is a feature that enables the differently-abled persons to comprehend, interact, and navigate the web. 

. What is JavaScript Hoisting?

Ans : In JavaScript, Hoisting allows all declarations to be moved to the top of the scope before code execution, irrespective of where the  functions and variables are declared.

. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?

. Explain the difference between Local Storage, Session Storage, and Cookies.

Ans :

• Local Storage - Local Storage provides maximum storage and is cleared when a page or private tab is closed but the data does not expire.

• Session Storage -  In Session Storage, Pages are only stored for the amount of time the browser or tab is open. The data is cleared as soon as the tab or browser is closed. 

• Cookies - Cookies store activity information on a server for delivering a personalized experience.

. Discuss the differences between a document and a window.

Ans : A Window object is the first object of the DOM hierarchy. A Document object is within the Window object. HTML elements are accessed through the Document object.

. Does HTML require a compiler?

Ans : Compilers are programs that convert a programming language code into machine code. Considering HTML is a Markup language and not a programming language, it does not require a compiler.  

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. How do floats work?

Ans : Floats help navigate elements to the sides and generally include one of the following four values: 

• Inherited - the parent’s float value is inherited by an element.  

• None - since no value is defined, the element stands at the default value and doesn’t float. 

• Left - The element floats completely to the left side of the container. 

• Right - The element floats completely to the right side of the container. 

. Name three plugins available in the Bootstrap jQuery plugin library.

Ans : The plugins available in the Bootstrap jQuery plugin library include: 

Alert

Affix, Button, Carousel, Collapse, Dropdown, Modal, Popover, Scrollspy, Tab, Tooltip

. What CSS class should be employed to span 14 columns on medium-sized screens, and eight columns on large screens?

Ans : The CSS class: class=”col-md-14 col-lg-8” should be used.  

. How do you verify if a variable is set in PHP?

. When an error is encountered, how do you differentiate between require () and include ()?

Ans : The require () function stops executing the script when an error is encountered but in the include () function the application continues without a fatal error. 

. What is a CSS reset? How do you differentiate it from normalize.css?

Ans : CSS Resets remove all the default styling on the elements in the browser while a Normalize CSS does not remove the default styling settings. 

. What is an AJAX request, and how can an AJAX request be used?

Ans : Asynchronous Java Script And XML or AJAX requests that provide the user the required data. AJAX calls connect with the servers by using XMLHttpRequests to exchange the data.  

. How do you use HTML5 new tags in IE version eight and earlier?

Ans : The new HTML5 tags are not supported by IE7 and IE8. Using HTML5 tags in IE7 or IE8 would cause errors and result in glitches. Instead, html5shiv.js can be used to run the tags in older browsers.

. What are the effects methods used in jQuery?

Ans :Some effects methods used in jQuery include: 

• show() - the selected elements are displayed by this feature. 
• hide() - it causes the selected items to be hidden. 
• toggle() - it is used to check the visibility of the elements and toggles between the show() and hide() for the selected elements.

. List the types of filters in AngularJS.

Ans :The filters used in AngularJS are 

• number - formats the numeric data
• currency - formats numbers into the specified currency 
• date -formats the date into the prescribed format
• uppercase - converts a string into uppercase
• lowercase - converts a string into lowercase
• filter - filters array in the criteria specified
• orderby - arrays are ordered by expressions 
• Json - formats JavaScript objects into JSON strings
• limit - limits an array to a number of elements

. How do you optimize a website’s assets?

. What does DOCTYPE mean?

Ans :The DOCTYPE determines the HTML type used on a webpage and a browser uses DOCTYPE to determine how the page is to be rendered or displayed.  

. Explain the difference between standards mode and quirks mode.

Ans :Standards mode was invented to adapt to the modern HTML and CSS specifications whereas, in Quirks mode, the body element is the primary element. Quirks mode is for older browsers.

. What are the limitations to XHTML pages?

Ans :One major limitation faced by XHTML is the lack of browser support. Many browsers cannot parse XHTML as XML, making it a less used Markup language.  

. How to make comments without the text being picked up by the browser?

Ans : Comments starting with “*” and ending with “->” are used to prevent a code from being recognized by the browser.

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. What is the difference between linking to an image, website, and an email address?

Ans :

• Tags are used to link an image. 
• The anchor tag is used for hyperlinking and the link must be specified in the href attribute. 
• The href specification “mailto:send@here.com”  is used to link an email address.

. What would you do when a hyperlink or image is displayed incorrectly?

Ans :The following mistakes cause the image or link to be displayed incorrectly: 

• Missing tag, bracket, or quote. 

• Missing href, src, or alt text. 

. What is the syntax difference between a numbered list and a bulleted list?

Ans :Bulleted lists are accompanied by the unordered list

tag. Ordered lists are accompanied by
tag.

. What is meant by a responsive website?

Ans :A website that functions at any screen resolution and on any system or device such as PC, mobile, laptop, etc., and adjusts to a readable size and is understandable by a user is a responsive website. 

. How do you access a get requests URL parameter with Php?

Ans :To access a get request URL parameter, the Php is: $_GET[“turkey”] 

. What are the new elements in HTML?

Ans :The new HTML elements are graphic tags, semantic tags, and multimedia. Semantic tags include figure, header, footer, and mark. Graphic tags include audio and canvas.  

. Is JavaScript a case-sensitive language?

Ans :When writing in JavaScript, a developer is required to follow the consistent variables, function names, capitalization of letters, and other identifiers to avoid errors in functioning.  

. Explain the layout of HTML in detail.

Ans : HTML layout specifies how the webpage is to be arranged. The HTML5 elements used to define the parts of a webpage are 

• : it defines the header of a document or a section. 
• : it defines or specifies a section in the document. 
• : it defines an independent article. 

. Write a JavaScript code to find specific objects in an array of objects.

Ans :Use the JavaScript “find” method. The specific objects can be found by using the code given below: 

let customers = [

  { id: 0, name: 'jane' },

  { id: 1, name: 'tim' },

  { id: 2, name: 'maria' }

];

let customer = customers.find(cust => cust.name === 'maria');

console.log(customer);

--> { id: 2, name: 'maria' }

. What are the ways to improve page performance?

Ans. You can follow the following ways to improve the performance of a web page.:-

• Always clear cache
• Minimize the size of the images
• Make the code fit for mobile browsing
• Compress HTTP
• Reduce redirects

. How can a new variable be declared in PHP equal to the number 5?

Ans. To declare a new variable in PHP equal to the number 5 is $number = 5;

. Define the Semantic element’s importance?

Ans. The below reasons will let you know about the importance of Semantic elements.:-

• These elements structure the code and make it more accessible and consistent for users. 
• If the semantic elements are used by developers, search engines, and other assisting technologies, then the content and the context should be understandable.
• Also, the semantic elements enhance the code’s readability, making the developer’s work much easier and quicker.

. Distinguish between the elements Inline, Block, and Inline-block.

Ans. 

Inline: The inline elements in HTML do not begin with the new line; instead, they occur in the same line. In this element, we can add some space to the left and right on it instead of adding space to the bottom & top padding to the page. Examples include span, strong, mark, etc. 

Inline-block: The inline-block elements are similar to inline elements, but they allow the spaces on all sides.

Block: The element block will always begin with a new line. It fills both the left and right spaces of the web page by adding padding and margins. Examples of block elements include div, p, etc.

. Define CSS.

Ans. CSS means Cascading Style Sheets which describe the web pages’ styles which consist of fonts, colors, layouts, etc. We can also define variations and layouts for different types of screens. Moreover, CSS is also useful for XML-based markup languages apart from HTML.

. Distinguish between HTML Tags and HTML Elements.

Ans. HTML tags define the format of content and its display on the web browser. These tags include the components like content, open, and ending tags. On the other hand, HTML elements inform the web browser how to display the text. Further, these elements will become tags when we use brackets <>.

. What are the key benefits of CSS?

Ans. The following are a few of the many benefits of CSS. 

• It offers users good control over the web page layout.
• The style files under CSS are made independently of the HTML, so the file size will be smaller.
• Due to less coding, the files will load much faster. Thus, it increases the website speed.
• It offers to format changes easily.
• CSS compatible works across devices.
• It allows a single CSS to replicate through different web pages, reducing development time.

. What is meant by event bubbling and event capturing?

Ans. Event bubbling is a procedure of event propagation inside the HTML DOM API. As the event is launched, the element bubbles up the DOM tree. Here we call the child node first, then the parent node. On the other hand, event capturing is different from event bubbling. It is the opposite of event bubbling, where the parent node is called first, then the child node.

. Define the use of and tags.