Testing is crucial for ensuring the quality of any business products. Even automation testing is a rage; it is not applicable in all the scenarios. No matter how efficient automation testing is applied, it cannot automate everything. Manual Testing plays this crucial role which tests all the possible scenarios for achieving the completeness.
In this article, you can go through the set of Manual Testing interview questions most frequently asked in the interview panel. This will help you crack the interview as the topmost industry experts curate these at HKR training.
Let us have a quick review of the Manual Testing interview questions.
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Quality Control:
It is a product-oriented approach of running a program to determine the defects and to make sure that the software meets all its requirements put forth by the stakeholders.
Quality Assurance:
It is a process-oriented approach that focuses on the methods, techniques, and its processes are used in creating quality deliverables to check if it is applied correctly.
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Verification:
Validation:
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Ans: Various types of manual testing include.
Ans: These are possible differences between retesting and regression.
Retesting:
Regression:
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System Testing:
Integration Testing:
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Top-Down: This testing approach follows the process from top to bottom. Here high-level modules are tested first and low-level modules next. Finally, the low-level modules are incorporated into a high-level state to guarantee the framework is working as expected accordingly.
Bottom-Up: This testing approach follows the process from bottom levels or base level to high-up or top levels. The lowest level modules are tested first and high-level state modules next. Finally, the high-level state modules are coordinated to a low level to guarantee the framework is filling in as it has been proposed to.
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Alpha Testing: It is a type of software testing that is performed to identify bugs before releasing the product to real users or to the public. Alpha Testing is a type of user acceptance testing.
Beta Testing: It is performed by real users of the software application in a real environment. Beta Testing is also a type of user acceptance testing.
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Performance testing:
It checks the scalability, speed, stability characteristics of a system. The performance is identified with achieving response time, throughput, and resource-utilization levels that meet the performance objectives for a project or a product.
Monkey testing:
It is a technique in software testing where the user tests the application by providing random inputs, checking the behaviour of the application or trying to crash the application.
Ans: Test case is a set of conditions or variables which are set by the tester for determining a system under test would satisfy the requirements and work accurately.
Ans: No. Automation testing would never become the replacement for manual testing as it cannot automate each and every scenario. Manual testing helps in understanding the entire problem and would explore all the possibilities of tests with more flexibility.
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Positive Testing:
Negative Testing:
Ans: The format of the test case is as follows:
Ans: This procedure comprises the following steps.
Ans: The types of documents in software quality assurance are.
Ans: Bug triage is the process.
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Ans: There are four types of manual testing.
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Static Testing:
Dynamic Testing:
Ans: It is not possible to perform 100% testing on any of the products but you can apply these following steps to make it closer.
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Functional testing:
Non-functional testing:
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The QA team analyzes the requirement in terms of what they will be testing and will figure out the testable requirements.
In this phase, the test strategy is defined. The Objective & the scope of the project or product is determined.
Here, detailed level test cases are defined and developed. The testing team also prepares the test data for testing.
The environment is a setup of software and hardware for the testing teams to execute test cases.
It is the process of executing the code and comparing the expected and actual results.
It involves calling out the testing team member meeting and evaluating cycle completion criteria based on test coverage, quality, cost, time, critical business objectives, and software.
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Severity: It represents the gravity or depth of a bug. It describes the application point of view.
Priority: It specifies which bug should get fixed first. It defines the user’s point of view.
Ans: The critical conditions of a bug is decided based on the context which identifies the conditions as low, medium or high.
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Ans: A test plan stores all possible testing activities to ensure a quality product. It gathers data from the product description, requirement, and use case documents.
The test plan document includes the following:
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Smoke testing:
Sanity testing:
Ans: Baseline testing is the process of running a set of tests to capture performance information. Baseline testing use the information collected to made the changes in the application to improve performance and capabilities of the application. Baseline compares present performance of application with its own previous performance.
Ans: Benchmarking testing is the process of comparing application performance with respect to industry standard which is given by some other organization. Benchmark informs us where our application stands with respect to others. Benchmark compares our application performance with other company’s application’s performance
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Branch Coverage = Tested Decision Outcomes / Total Decision Outcomes.
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Bug Leakage: When customer or end user discovered a bug which can be detected by the testing team. Or when a bug is detected which can be detected in pervious build then this is called as Bug Leakage.
Bug release: is when a build is handed to testing team with knowing that defect is present in the release. The priority and severity of bug is low. It is done when customer want the application on the time. Customer can tolerate the bug in the released then the delay in getting the application and the cost involved in removing that bug. These bugs are mentioned in the Release Notes handed to client for the future improvement chances.
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We need test stub and test driver because of following reason:
Ans: When tester performs testing of application by using random input from the input domain of the system, this is Random Testing.
Random testing involve following procedures:
Ans: Agile Testing means to quickly validation of the client requirements and make the application of good quality user interface. When the build is released to the testing team, testing of the application is started to find the bugs. As a Tester, we need to focus on the customer or end user requirements. We put the efforts to deliver the quality product in spite of short time frame which will further help in reducing the cost of development and test feedbacks will be implemented in the code which will avoid the defects coming from the end user.
Ans: We need Test Strategy for the following reasons:
The test strategy is decided first, before lower level decisions are made on the test plan, test design, and other testing issues.
Ans: The bug is assigned to development project manager who will analyze the bug .He will check whether it is a valid defect. If not valid bug is rejected then status is REJECTED.
Ans: Error Guessing is a test case design technique where the tester has to guess what faults might occur and to design the tests to represent them.
Error Seeding is the process of adding known faults intentionally in a program for the reason of monitoring the rate of detection & removal and also to estimate the number of faults remaining in the program.
Ans: Compatibility testing is to evaluate the application compatibility with the computing environment like Operating System, Database, Browser compatibility, backwards compatibility, computing capacity of the Hardware Platform and compatibility of the Peripherals. Example, If Compatibility testing is done on a Game application, before installing a game on a computer, its compatibility is checked with the computer specification that whether it is compatible with the computer having that much of specification or not.
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Statement Coverage is a metric used in White Box Testing. Statement coverage is used to ensure that all the statement in the program code is executed at least once. The advantages of Statement Coverage are:
Ans:There are two types of testing:
Ans:After finding the bug the first step is bug to be locked in bug report. Then this bug needs to be communicated and assigned to developers that can fix it. After the bug is fixes by the developer, fixes should be re-tested, and determinations made regarding requirements for regression testing to check that fixes didn't create problems elsewhere.
Ans:In this situation is for the testers to go through the process of reporting of bugs with the focus being on critical bugs. Since this type of problem can severely affect schedules, and indicates deeper problems in the software development process project managers should be notified, and provided with some documentation.
Ans:There are four types of maintenance. They are:
Ans:The advantages of the waterfall model are:
Ans:The RAD model Rapid Application development (RAD) is incremental software development process models that focus on the development of the project in very short time. It is enhanced version of Waterfall model. It is proposed when requirements and solutions can be made independently system or software components, which is developed by different teams. After these smaller system components are developed, they are integrated to produce the large software system solution.
Ans:The advantages of this type of testing include:
Ans:A software review can be defined as a filter for the software engineering process. The purpose of any review is to discover errors in the analysis, design, and coding, testing and implementation phases of the software development cycle. The other purpose of a review is to see whether procedures are applied uniformly and in a manageable manner. It is used to check the process followed to develop the software is right.
Ans:By analyzing a final product the process of recreating a design is known as reverse engineering. Reverse engineering is the process followed in order to find difficult, unknown, and hidden information about a software system. It is important when software products lack proper documentation, and are highly unstructured, or their structure has degraded through a series of maintenance efforts. Maintenance activities cannot be performed without a complete understanding of the software system.
Ans:The Data Flow Diagram gives us information of the flow of data within the application.
Ans:Exploratory testing: means testing an application without a test plan and test script. In exploring testing test explore the application on the basis on his knowledge. The tester has no knowledge about the application previously. He explores the application like an end user and try to use it. While using the application his main motive is to find the bugs which are in the application.
Ans: It is a process to identify and validate the software that confirms that the system is working as per business needs. The method includes various activities to determine the software's defects for quality check, performance, utility, etc. It is conducted to correct the issues before the product is released to the market. Therefore, software testing is necessary.
Ans: The following are a few benefits of Manual Testing:
Ans: A latent defect is an unidentified/hidden error or a bug within a software or application. The user may not be able to identify such errors. It needs to perform a special operation to find out the same.
Ans: Test data in software testing is the information or input used to test software. It helps to determine whether the outcome equals the intended result. If the testing data is poorly designed, it may not be easy to test all the test scenarios, hindering the software's quality.
Ans: A software testing team will decide to stop the testing process when the below objections are completed.:-
Ans: SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which includes the complete software development process. Such as data collection and analysis, coding and Testing, deploying and managing.
Ans: In manual Testing, a Testbed is a testing environment useful to test an application, including hardware and software, to run the program that needs to be tested. Further, it consists of network setup, hardware and software, AUT, and others as per need.
Ans: A bug is a defect or fault identified during the software testing process. An error in software testing is a mistake or a misconception made by a software developer while coding. The defect is nothing but a difference between the actual and expected output of the Testing that a developer identifies.
Ans: The GUI or Graphical User Interface testing refers to testing the interface between the end-user and the software/application.
Ans: The early designing of tests helps to easily prevent defects/errors before they are available in the code.
Ans: In Software testing, risk-based Testing is a testing strategy that applies the principles of risk management to the testing process. This type of Testing is based on the detailed risk analysis and prioritizing the risks at different levels. It prioritizes finding the highest risk first and getting it resolved.
Ans: E2E or End-to-end Testing is a testing methodology that covers the application flow across the testing process. It ensures that the apps behave as intended and the data flow is maintained across the processes.
Ans: To achieve effective software testing results, the role of documentation becomes critical. It must contain the details like designs, specifications required, examination reports, configuration, test plans, test cases, changes in code, error reports, etc. Testing without proper documentation makes it difficult to view the overall project model. It helps to evaluate the testing effort you may require with the tracking and test coverage needs. Thus, it makes the testing process easier and more systematic and saves the entity time and cost.
Ans: Static Testing is carried out in the software development's early phases to prevent errors. In this Testing, it is easier to locate and resolve the various issues.
Ans: Boundary value analysis is a testing strategy used to test both partitions' boundary values, i.e., valid and invalid. It is a kind of Black box testing used to locate the issues at the boundaries of the input domain. Moreover, Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning are closely related and used across the testing levels.
Ans: It is a process to identify and validate the software that confirms that the system is working as per business needs. The method includes various activities to determine the software's defects for quality check, performance, utility, etc. It is conducted to correct the issues before the product is released to the market. Therefore, software testing is necessary.
Ans: The following are a few benefits of Manual Testing:
Ans: A latent defect is an unidentified/hidden error or a bug within a software or application. The user may not be able to identify such errors. It needs to perform a special operation to find out the same.
Ans: Test data in software testing is the information or input used to test software. It helps to determine whether the outcome equals the intended result. If the testing data is poorly designed, it may not be easy to test all the test scenarios, hindering the software's quality.
Ans: A software testing team will decide to stop the testing process when the below objections are completed.:-
Ans: SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which includes the complete software development process. Such as data collection and analysis, coding and Testing, deploying and managing.
Ans: In manual Testing, a Testbed is a testing environment useful to test an application, including hardware and software, to run the program that needs to be tested. Further, it consists of network setup, hardware and software, AUT, and others as per need.
Ans: A bug is a defect or fault identified during the software testing process. An error in software testing is a mistake or a misconception made by a software developer while coding. The defect is nothing but a difference between the actual and expected output of the Testing that a developer identifies.
Ans: The GUI or Graphical User Interface testing refers to testing the interface between the end-user and the software/application.
Ans: The early designing of tests helps to easily prevent defects/errors before they are available in the code.
Ans: In Software testing, risk-based Testing is a testing strategy that applies the principles of risk management to the testing process. This type of Testing is based on the detailed risk analysis and prioritizing the risks at different levels. It prioritizes finding the highest risk first and getting it resolved.
Ans: E2E or End-to-end Testing is a testing methodology that covers the application flow across the testing process. It ensures that the apps behave as intended and the data flow is maintained across the processes.
Ans: To achieve effective software testing results, the role of documentation becomes critical. It must contain the details like designs, specifications required, examination reports, configuration, test plans, test cases, changes in code, error reports, etc. Testing without proper documentation makes it difficult to view the overall project model. It helps to evaluate the testing effort you may require with the tracking and test coverage needs. Thus, it makes the testing process easier and more systematic and saves the entity time and cost.
Ans: Static Testing is carried out in the software development's early phases to prevent errors. In this Testing, it is easier to locate and resolve the various issues.
Ans: Boundary value analysis is a testing strategy used to test both partitions' boundary values, i.e., valid and invalid. It is a kind of Black box testing used to locate the issues at the boundaries of the input domain. Moreover, Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning are closely related and used across the testing levels.
Ans: Performance testing is a useful method to ascertain the system's performance, speed, and scalability. There are different types of Performance testing-
Ans: A bug is a kind of mistake or an error that occurs in the application and stops it from presenting the output required. While testing the application or software, if a bug is found, it goes through an explicit cycle from logging to solving. And it is called the Bug Life Cycle.
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