ISTQB Interview Questions

1) What is ISTQB?

Ans. The International Software Testing Qualification Board (ISTQB) is a common organization for software testing accreditation. Initially, it was established in November 2002 in Edinburgh and works as a non-profit testing company.

ISTQB is a leading testing organization located in Belgium and is run by a large number of international volunteer test experts, 

2) What do you mean by exploratory Testing and when does it perform?

Ans: Exploratory tesTestings, the name suggests, consists solely of examining the test case, identifying the program, what it does, whether it doesn't do anything, what the tesTestinges, and what doesn't work. Additionally, it is a hands-on method where testers participate in maximum execution and minimum planning.

• The following are the procedures for exploratory test testing Estimates
• Use cases and architectural diagrams
• Previous flaws
• Error management
• Conversations
• Checklists and questions

This exploratory Testing is carried out when agile Testing is underway or as a last-minute verification before software release. It is merely an additional task that goes along with automated regression testing.

3) Name the types of test techniques.

Ans. Defects are found, and the number of test cases is minimized by using test procedures.

The many kinds of test methods are as follows:

• Partitioning by equivalency
• Analysis of boundary values
• Testing decision tables and cause-and-effect graphing
• Transition tables for states
• Every pair of tests and orthogonal testing arrays
• Method of classification without classification
• Use case analysis.

4) How are these testing techniques performed?

Ans: The following is the way the testing techniques are executed:

1) Equivalence partitioning: This classifies test situations into different groups treated uniformly.

2) Boundary value analysis: It entails establishing the partitions' borders and subsequently testing them.

3) The graphical cause-effective technique, also known as decision table testing, entails defining and testing for various combinations of circumstances.

4) Transition of table state testing: This entails determining all kinds of legitimate states and transitions that require testing) Orthogonal array testing: This is also known as all pair testing that finds the different configuration combinations that require Testing) Classification tree method: This technique uses a graphical notation to describe the test circumstances and combinations that the test cases manage.

7) Use case test techniques: These entail identifying different use cases and tailoring the Testing to fit those needs.

5) What type of testing is considered in web testing?

Ans: Web testing comes in two different forms: 

1) Security testing, and 

2) Performance testing.

Web testing verifies that your app is available online. Based on the web app, one can use web testing to check for various response codes and notifications of errors.

6) What is the difference between a bug, an error, a detect, and failure?

Ans:

• Bug: An untrue status or code error allows the software to function correctly without producing incorrect results.
• Error: an error between the software's true and correct outputs and the actual output.
• Detect: In the context of Testing, it is the disparity between predicted and actual results. It is a departure from what the client has requested.
• Failure: A software application is said to have failed when the user believes it no longer provides the desired features.

7) Why is software testing so important?

Ans. The main factors of software testing are as follows:

• To locate, identify, and fix bugs in software as it's being produced.
• It boosts the software's quality and reliability.
• To assure an application's stability and users' or customers' happiness.
• Provide better software apps.

8) What are the different test values?

Ans. There are four different levels of TesTestinge suggested:

• Developers carry out unit tests.
• Testing for integration -> Performed by testers
• Testing for acceptance -> carried out by users.
• Testers conduct -> system testing.

9) What are the different black box testing techniques?

Ans. Black box testing involves the tester not knowing the internal structure or how the feature works. The methods used in block box testing include 

• Equivalence partitioning tests.
• Testing decision tables
• Testing of state transitions
• Test method for Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
• Use case analysis.

10) What is a test plan?

Ans. The test plan is an agreement between users and customers/testers. What will be tested should be known to the testers.

• The project team will create and organize the test plans to balance the test approaches.
• Analysis, verification, and repetition of the test case are all possible with a document test.
• A test plan outlines the goals, user approach, and overall test strategy.

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11) Name the different test planning techniques.

Ans. There are four methods available for designing tests: 

• Acceptance Testing
• Integration Test
• System Testing (evaluation)
• Unit Test

12) What information should be included in a bug or defect report?

Ans. Bug/defect reporting is reporting any problem in a system or part that could prevent it from executing its needed function.

       To create a defect/bug report, there are three options:

• Find the defect: Find the flaw before delivering it to the client.
• Report a flaw: Notify the developer team of the flaw.
• Defect Acceptance: Developers can choose to accept or reject the defect.

13) Name the types of software testing techniques.

Ans. The many methods for software testing are as follows:

• Manual tesTestingsting of performance
• Testing for security
• Automated Testing
• Testing in a black-box
• White-box Test

14) What is a software testing technique?

Ans. Software testing is a technique or procedure used to verify the functionality and quality of newly generated software and its correctness. It is the process of running an application or program manually and automatically in various situations. It examines the following: 

• Performance 
• Functionality 
• Specification

15) What are the benefits of ISTQB?

Ans. The primary benefits of applying ISTQB methods are as follows: 

• The software testing tool has an easy-to-manage structure.
• It offers participation in early tests. Testing is an evident connection between the development and test phases.
• Small software apps can benefit from software testing.
• Uncertainty and risk are controlled.
• Testing procedures and activities are controlled.
• It is capable of adjusting to changes.
• Early client inclusion: explicit over-the-top requests
• Don't waste time on pointless pursuits.

16) How do you test the login feature of web applications?

Ans: The following methods may be used to test web applications' login features;

• It would help if you began it by logging in through your legitimate login credentials. Then, close and reopen the web browser to see if you are signed in to the system.
• The next step is session management, which uses cookies or online sessions to store user login data.
• Return to the login page and sign in and out once more to be sure you were indeed logged out.
• Return to the "login screen" -> verify whether you can see the login screen.
• Open the other login page after logging in using one browser window to see if you need to sign in again.
• After logging in and changing the password, you can log out and return to the web browser with your previous login credentials.

17) What is Acceptance testing?

Ans: The customer creates acceptance tests to ascertain whether the system is operating correctly. The interests of the client are conveyed through acceptance tests. The consumer can feel safe realizing the application contains all the necessary features and functions correctly. It is where the acceptance test helps.

18) What is accessibility testing?

Ans: It's a tool for assessing accessibility that helps identify accessibility flaws. Using the Axe Chrome extensions, use the Debugger mode to detect and fix any accessibility issues on your website.

19) What is agile Testing?

Ans. Agile testing methods are software testing methods that adhere to the principles of agile software development applications.

Agile tesTestinge following tasks:

• Directing development using specific instances.
• Posing the query to validate concepts and presumptions.
• Testing that is both exploratory and automated.
• Checking for features of quality such as security, dependability, and performance.

20) What is Adhoc Testing?

Ans. Ad hoc testing is unplanned, ad hoc software testing. Like "single-use" testing. It is occasionally confused with negative, exploratory, and monkey testing. Nonetheless, "ad-hoc" refers to the use of manual test procedures.

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21) What is the application programming interface?

Ans. A collection of features offered by an operating system or additional system software is known as an API. To get the service, an application program makes calls to the functions. A simple explanation gives the idea of calling a function, and its outcomes can be found in an API.

22) What is Automated Testing?

Ans. Automated tests repetitively operate on your program, comparing expected and actual results. It uses software to validate test execution, which typically contributes to test time reduction and process simplicity.

23) What is BETA testing?

Ans. A BETA Testing is a testing that is carried out in real-time by actual users of software applications being developed.

• At their location, customers always carry it out.
• The independent testing team will not be doing it.
• The public and market are free to access it. It is mainly applied to software-related goods.
• This type of Testing is merely a black box.
• Another name for it is field testing.

24) What is bottom-up Testing?

Ans. In bottom-up Testing, the message is understood by using the incoming input. Decoding is the process of comprehension.

• Clusters of lower-level components work together to execute a particular software task.
• A driver primarily manages and facilitates the input and output of the test case.
• Cluster testing is supported by the bottom-up.
• The bottom-up technique will remove the drivers from the program structure and allow clusters to be joined.

25) What is the difference between severity and priority?

Ans. 

• The project's priority is determined by how urgent it is to fix the flaws. The bug's severity describes how it interferes with users' ability to utilize the applications.
• Priority is determined by dynamic project parameters, such as the bug's state and customer-side importance. Severity is determined objectively by considering the bug's likelihood of occurrence and its direct and indirect effects.
• Priorities should be updated and changed as the project develops since they are dynamic fields. The severity field is often static; it would only need to be changed if fresh information about the defect became available.

26) What is failure?

Ans. When a fault or defect is executed, an error takes place. This failure identifies the software components' inability to carry out several tasks within the limits of the performance criteria.

27) Mention the difference between validation and verification.

Ans. The following are the major differences between the validation and verification:

• Verification involves determining if the program complies with the requirements. Validation is the process of determining whether the program satisfies user needs.
• The code execution is not included in verification. However, validation invariably involves running the software code.
• Verification is just the human-involved method of reviewing the files or documents. But in validation, a program is being executed on a computer.

28) What is independent Testing mentioning its risks?

Ans. Nothing but the author's tests are considered independent tests conducted by a member of the independent test team or by another individual in that team.

• There is some danger associated with independent tesTestingeing alone and not communicating
• interpersonal degree
• Exclusion from the border perspective (business)
• An independent test could be the bottleneck.
• Developers might need to become more conscious of quality and ethics.

29) What are the principles of Testing

Ans: There are seven guiding principles of software testing, which are as follows:

• Testing aids in identifying mistakes made throughout the software development process.
• Extensive testing not permitted in tesTestingut down on mistakes and incompleteness  
• Clustering is prohibited.
• Generate the efficacy
• It is possible to test the software context.
• Keep in mind that this results in fewer errors and issues.

30) Why is software testing so important?