DevOps Tutorial

What is Devops?

DevOps is a software development practice that combines software development (Dev) and information technology operations (Ops). It aims at improving collaboration and communication between development and operations teams. DevOps has brought about many software development changes and helped deliver software products faster. 
In other words, DevOps is a software development method that mainly focuses on Automation, collaboration, and continuous delivery (CD). Through this, it offers high-end products to customers much faster. It reduces the development time and increases the time to market. 

The main aim of DevOps is to shorten the development cycle, known as the ‘time to market’, and improve the quality of products and services. 

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Why is DevOps needed?

DevOps is an essential practice that transforms how development and operations teams collaborate, enhancing efficiency and driving successful outcomes. It aims to bridge the gap between these two integral teams within an organization, fostering a seamless connection that propels the entire software development lifecycle.

Kubernetes, a remarkable advancement, enables customers to effortlessly download distributed, highly accessible containerized workloads on a highly abstracted platform. Its architecture and internal component collection may seem complex initially, but its strength, versatility, and robust feature set prove unparalleled in the open-source world. By understanding the interplay of these simple building blocks, developers can unlock the full potential of Kubernetes to run and manage workloads at scale.

However, this is where DevOps truly shines. DevOps not only empowers businesses to leverage the capabilities of Kubernetes (K8s). Also, it ensures effective collaboration and coordination between development and operations teams.

Skills

Let us try to understand the various prerequisites of learning DevOps.
1) Programming skills:
2) Linux:
3) Automation skills:
4) Good communication skills and analytical understanding

History of Devops

In this DevOps tutorial, let us learn about the history of DevOps.

In recent years, several businesses have adopted DevOps ideas to better respond to their business problems. DevOps was once limited to IT services, but it has now spread throughout the firm, altering procedures and data flows and triggering primary organizational changes.

• The DevOps idea is not entirely new; it grew naturally from the Agile methodology.
  When IT operations and software development communities raised concerns about what they saw as a lethal degree of dysfunction in the industry during 2007 and 2008,
  The DevOps movement began to gather.
  Patrick Debois, one of the DevOps gurus, created the term "DevOps" in 2009.
  Alanna Brown of Puppet designed and published the State of DevOps study in 2012.

Devops Architecture

Build

Without DevOps, the cost of resource consumption was calculated using pre-determined individual utilization and set hardware allotment. With DevOps, the cloud is used, resources are shared, and the build is based on the user's needs, which is a technique for controlling resource or capacity utilization.

Code

Many good practices, like Git, allow code to be utilized, ensuring that it is written for business, tracking modifications, being notified of the cause for the difference between the actual and expected output, and, if required, reverting to the original code generated. The code can be organized correctly in files, folders, etc. They can also be reused.

Test

After testing, the application will be ready for production. Manual testing takes longer to complete since testing and moving the code to the output requires more time. Testing can be automated, which cuts down on testing time and hence cuts down on the time it takes to release code to production, as automating the execution of scripts eliminates numerous manual stages.

Plan

DevOps uses the agile technique to plan development. When the operations and development teams work together, it is easier to organize the work and prepare properly, resulting in increased productivity.

Monitor

Any risk of failure is identified by continuous monitoring. It also aids in correctly tracking the system so that the application's health may be assessed. Monitoring gets easier with services that allow log data to be watched through various third-party tools, such as Splunk.

Deployment

A variety of systems can use the scheduler to automate deployment. By deploying dashboards, the cloud management platform allows users to capture accurate insights and examine the optimization scenario, as well as statistics on trends.

Operate

DevOps affects the way traditional development and testing are done individually. The teams work together colectively, contributing actively throughout the service lifecycle. The operation team collaborates with developers to build a monitoring strategy that meets IT and business needs.

Deployment

Automation can be used to deploy to a specific environment. Manual triggering is used when deploying to the production environment. Many release management processes manually execute the deployment in the production environment to minimize customer impact.

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DevOps Life cycle

Now, let us learn about the lifecycle of DevOps in this tutorial.

Development

The Continuous Development phase concentrates on software planning and development. The project's vision is determined in the software planning phase. The programmers begin to work on the coding. Although the DevOps tools are not employed in planning, many solutions are available for code maintenance.

Testing

The resulting programme is rigorously tested for flaws at this stage. Continuous testing is carried out using automation testing tools such as TestNG, JUnit, Selenium, and others. These technologies allow QAs to test many code bases at the same time to ensure that the functionality is flawless. At this stage, Docker Containers can be utilized to emulate the test environment.

Integration

It is the most crucial stage in the DevOps lifecycle. Continuous Integration is a software development technique that developers employ that requires committing source code changes more frequently. It's possible to do this once a day or once a week. Then, each commit is produced, allowing for the early identification of any mistakes. 

Deployment

At this point, the code is pushed to the production servers. Ensuring the code is implemented correctly on all servers is also crucial.

New code is released regularly, and configuration management software is essential for accomplishing jobs often and efficiently. Some of the most frequent tools used in this phase are Chef, Puppet, Ansible, and SaltStack.

Containerization tools are also crucial during the deployment phase. Vagrant and Docker are two popular tools for this. These technologies make maintaining consistency throughout the development, staging, and testing environments easier. They also aid in the delicate scaling up and down of instances.

Monitoring

It is a part of the DevOps process that incorporates all operational aspects and records and analyses critical details of the software's use to find trends and spot problem areas. Monitoring is usually included as part of the software application's operating features.
It may deliver large-scale data on the application parameters in the form of documentation files while it is in a continuous usage position. 

The next concept you will learn in this DevOps tutorial is the DevOps tools.

Devops Tools

1. Version Control tools

• Github: It is widely considered one of the largest and most advanced development platforms globally. Many companies, including DevOps experts use GitHub to design, ship and control their software.
  Bitbucket: Bitbucket is a renowned platform with ten million+ clients. It's not just a code hosting platform; it's also a code management platform.
  GitLab: GitLab is an ultimate DevOps solution that aids in rapidly delivering software.

2. Container Management tools

• Docker: It is a lightweight solution with an integrated approach to streamline and expedite various SDLC operations. It is a self-contained, executable source containing all the necessary components to run a program.
• Kubernetes: It is one of the most extensively used container orchestration technologies. It is a DevOps tool that automates the deployment and maintenance of the apps run in containers.
• Apache Mesos: It is a cluster management solution for DevOps. "Apache Mesos isolates CPU, storage, and other resources from physical and virtual machines, making it easy to build and manage fault-tolerant and flexible distributed systems."

3. Deployment & Server Monitoring tools

• Splunk: Splunk is a DevOps tool used for monitoring and exploration, which can be used on-premises or as a SaaS.
  Datadog: Datadog is a DevOps tool for monitoring servers and apps in hybrid cloud settings.
  Sensu: Sensu is a DevOps tool for monitoring apps, servers, functions, containers, etc.

Kubernetes Architecture:

Let us explore the various aspects of Kubernetes architecture.

Master Node:

The master node is perhaps the most vital part of controlling the Kubernetes cluster. It is a point of entry for all sorts of managerial functions. There could be more than one master node in the cluster to search for fault tolerance.
The master node has numerous components, such as API Server, Controller Manager, Scheduler, and Etcd. Let's see both of them.

• API Server: The API server is an entry point for all REST commands used to manage the cluster.
  Scheduler: The scheduler sets the tasks for the slave node. It stores information on the use of resources for every slave node. It is responsible for allocating the workload.
  Etcd: Etcd stores configuration information and writes values. It interacts with most of the components to receive commands and functions. It also handles network rules and port forwarding operations.

2) Node worker/Slave:

Worker nodes are another essential component that includes all the services you need to handle networking between containers and communicate with the master node. It enables you to allocate resources to the scheduled containers.

3) Kubelet:

Gets the specification of the Pod from the API server and ensures that the containers listed are up and running.

4) Docker Container:

Docker Container runs on each worker node running the configured pods.

5) Kube-proxy:

Kube-proxy is a load-balancing agent and a network proxy to support a single worker node.

6) Pods:

A pod is a mixture of single or multiple containers that logically run on nodes together.

Key terminologies associated with Kubernetes:

1) Replication Controllers (RC)
2) Replication Sets
3) Deployments
4) Stateful Sets
5) Daemon Sets

Disadvantages of Kubernetes:

• Some of the drawbacks of Kubernetes are:
  The Kubernetes (K8s) dashboard should be more helpful.
  K8s is confusing and unnecessary in environments where all development is performed locally.
  Protection is not very good at all.

How is Kubernetes related to DevOps?

We know that Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system that helps efficiently handle, scale, and automate application deployment. Kubernetes supports companies using DevOps as it integrates the software development and maintenance stages processes to enhance agility. 

However, the features that K8s offer make it helpful to build, scale, and deploy enterprise-level apps and DevOps pipelines.

Conclusion

DevOps is an in-demand technology in the present world. If you want to pursue a career in DevOps, there is no better time than this. This DevOps tutorial helped you learn several concepts of DevOps and how to get started with it. On the other hand, Kubernetes is an amazing development, and its usage in DevOps is valuable. It lets customers download distributed, highly accessible containerized workloads on a highly extracted platform. By learning these skills, you can explore using the framework’s functionality to execute and handle workloads at scale. Further, you can visit HKR Trainings website to explore many Courses.