Operators in Java

These operators serve a similar purpose to the OR gate and AND gate in digital electronics by performing "logical AND" and "logical OR" operations. One thing to bear in mind is that if the first condition is false, the second one is not assessed, which has the effect of short-circuiting. frequently used to evaluate several possibilities before making a choice. The "Logical NOT" function in Java also returns true whenever the condition is fulfilled and vice versa. They are consulted when making decisions. For example:
x < b
Here, the relational operator is < operator. It determines whether or not an is less than b.
Either true or false is returned as an output.
Let us discuss the operators in the logical category and their operations:
‘&&’: Logical and
‘||’: Logical or
‘!’: Logical Not

Let us see a Java example below to understand logical operators better:

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println((4 > 3) && (6 > 5)); 
 System.out.println((4 > 3) && (6 < 5));

System.out.println((4 < 3) || (6 > 5)); 
 System.out.println((4 > 3) || (6 < 5)); 
 System.out.println((4 < 3) || (6 < 5));

System.out.println(!(4 == 3)); 
 System.out.println(!(4 > 3)); 
 }
}

The output of the Java program is:

True
False
True
True
False
True
False

5.Unary operators:

Only one operand is required for unary operators. For instance, the unary operator ++ raises a variable's value by one. Therefore, ++5 will result in 6.
Let us discuss the operators in the unary category and their operations:
‘+’: Unary plus
‘-’: Unary minus
‘++’: Increment operator
‘--’: Decrement operator
‘!’: Logical Compliment operator

Let us see a Java example below to understand unary operators better:

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 int x = 12, y = 12;
 int res1, res2;

System.out.println("Value of x: " + x);

res1 = ++x;
 System.out.println("After increment: " + res1);

System.out.println("Value of y: " + y);

res2 = --y;
 System.out.println("After decrement: " + res2);
 }
}

The output of the Java program is:

Value of x: 12
After increment: 13
Value of y: 12
After decrement: 11

The ++ and — operators are used as prefixes in the aforementioned program (++a, —b). These operators (a++, b++) can be used as postfix as well.

6.Bitwise operators:

Java uses bitwise operators to execute operations on individual bits. The bitwise operator, in this case, is ~. Every bit's value is inverted (0 to 1 and 1 to 0).
Let us discuss the operators in the bitwise category and their operations:
‘~’: Bitwise compliment
‘<<’: Left shift
‘>>’: Right shift
‘>>>’: Unsigned Right shift
‘&’: Bitwise AND
‘^’: Bitwise exclusibe OR

Let us see a Java example below to understand bitwise operators better:

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 int x = 12, y = 12;
 int res1, res2;

System.out.println("Value of x: " + x);

res1 = ++x;
 System.out.println("After increment: " + res1);

System.out.println("Value of y: " + y);

res2 = --y;
 System.out.println("After decrement: " + res2);
 }
}

The output of the Java program is:

Value of x: 12
After increment: 13
Value of y: 12
After decrement: 11

The ++ and — operators are used as prefixes in the aforementioned program (++a, —b). These operators (a++, b++) can be used as postfix as well.

 There are a lot of other operators in Java too. Let us have a look at them too:

Java instance of operator:

The instanceof operator determines whether an object belongs to a specific class. Let us understand this with the help of a Java example:

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {

String str = "HKR Trainings";
 boolean res;

res = str instanceof String;
 System.out.println("Is str an object of String or not? " + res);
 }
}

The output of the Java code is:

Is str an object of String or not?
true

 In this case, str is a String class instance. Consequently, the instanceof operator gives a true result.

Java Ternary Operator:

The if-then-else sentence is denoted by the ternary operator, often known as a conditional operator.
It works as:
Expression1 is assigned to the variable if the expression returns true.
Expression2 is assigned to the variable if the expression returns false.
Let us understand this with the help of a Java example:

class Java {
 public static void main(String[] args) {

int Days_in_feb = 29;
 String res;

res = (Days_in_feb == 28) ? "Leap year" : "Not a Leap year";
 System.out.println(res);
 }
}

The output of the Java code is:

Leap year

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Operators' Precedence in Java 

When dealing with hybrid situations including more than one kind of operator, precedence and associative principles are applied. As there may be various evaluations for the exact equation in such instances, these guidelines specify which component of the equation should be taken into account first. The precedence of operations is shown in the table below as magnitude, with the highest precedence at the top and the lowest precedence at the bottom.

Let us understand t precedence of operators with the help of the image below:

Precedence and Associativity

When it concerns hybrid equations, which are equations with numerous operators, there is frequently confusion. Which component to address first is the issue. In these circumstances, there is a golden guideline to remember. Solve the operator with the highest precedence first if the operators are different. Resolve the problem as per the associativity, that really is, whether from left to right or right to left or , if they have the same precedence.

Let us understand this in a better way with the help of the example below:

public class operators {
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 int x = 20, y = 10, z = 0, e = 20, f = 40, g = 30;

System.out.println("x+y/e = " + (x + y / e));

System.out.println("x+y*f-f/g = "
 + (x + y * e - f / g));
 }
}

The output of the Java code is:

x+y/e = 20
x+y*f-f/g = 219

 Conclusion

In this article, we have understood the use of Java operators and various types of operators in Java along with some Java examples associated with them. Java has a variety of operators that can be employed depending on the situation. Variables and values can be operated upon using operators. Various types of java operators are arithmetic operators, relational operators, bitwise operators, logical operators, ternary operators, shift operators, etc. We have also talked about the precedence and associativity of the operators.

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