MVC Interview Questions

1. Can you explain the role of MVC components such as Presentation, Abstraction, and Control?

Ans:

• The Presentation component helps in the visual presentation of a specific abstraction which exists in the network.
• The Abstraction component offers functionality to the business domain in the application.
• The control component offers consistency between abstraction and presentation to the user. It also provides communication with the system through other controls.

2. What are the advantages of MVC?

Ans: 

• MVC separates your project into a different segment, which makes the developers to work easier.
• The project is developed with less implementation code and maintains the cost-effectiveness by editing or changing some part of your project easily.
• MVC makes your project more systematic.

3. What are the steps in creating the request object?

Ans: The following are the steps which must be applied for creating the request object.

1. Filling a route.
2. Fetching a route.
3. Creating a context of a request.
4. Creating an instance of a controller.

4. Can you define the three logical layers of the MVC Pattern?

Ans: 

1. Model logic which is also known as a business layer.
2. View logic which is also known as a display layer.
3. Controller logic is an input control.

5. What do you know about MVC routing?

Ans: The MVC Routing uses URL in ASP.NET MVC framework which maps action methods and controllers instead of applying physical files into the system. The routing engine is used for developing appropriate routes for the movement of information and to handle different kinds of requests, which later passes through Routing Engines, Routes, and reaches Controller.

6. What are the different properties of MVC routes?

Ans: MVC routes are accountable for governing which controller method will be executed for a given URL. The URL comprises the following properties.

• Route Name: It is the URL pattern that is used in mapping the handler.
• URL Pattern: This property contains the literal values as well as variable placeholders also known as URL parameters.
• Defaults: It is the default parameter value assigned during parameter creation.
• Constraints: These are used for applying against the URL pattern for more narrowly defining the URL matching it.

7. What are the different return types used by the controller action method in MVC?

Ans: The various return types of a controller action in MVC are.

• View Result
• JSON Result
• Content Result
• Redirect Result
• JavaScript Result

8. How will you maintain the sessions in MVC?

Ans: There are three possible ways of maintaining a session in MVC.

• view data
• temp data and
• view bag

9. Define the concept of filters in MVC.

Ans: Action filters are used where there is a scenario where you need to implement some logic prior to the execution of an action method or right after it. These filters are used in determining the logic necessary for executing before or after the execution methods gets executed. The action filters are used as attributes by action methods. Different types of MVC action filters are.

• Action filter: which implements the IActionFilter
• Exception filter: which implements the IExceptionFilter attribute
• Authorization filter: which implements the IAuthorizationFilter
• Result filter: which implements the IResultFilter

10. What is used to handle an error in MVC?

Ans: The errors are handled by the concept of exception handling either it is a windows form or even a web application. The HandlerError attribute helps in providing the built-in exception filters. The HandleError attribute of ASP.NET is functional over the action method as well as Controller at its global level.

Example:

public static void RegGlobalFilters(Global_FilterCollection filt)  

{  

    filt.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());

}  

protected void Application_Start()  

{  

    AreaRegn.RegisterAllAreas();  

    RegGlobalFilters(Global_Filters.Filters);  

    RegisterRoutes(Route_Table.Routes);  

}  

11. What is Spring MVC?

Ans: It is a java framework used for creating web applications. Spring MVC follows the MVC design patterns which use the basic features of a core spring framework including the dependency injection, inversion of control etc.

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12. Can you define ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: It is a framework for a web application which is testable and is light weighted. ASP.NET MVC helps in separating different components of MVC application into Model, View, and Controller.

13. What is Razor in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: Razor is a new view engine introduced by MVC3. It acts as pluggable modules and applies different template syntax options.

14. What is ViewStart?

Ans: ViewStart is a new layout introduced by the razor engine which is automatically applied for all views. It is executed at the very beginning followed by the start rendering as well as other views.

Example:

@ {  

  Layout = "~/ Views/ Shared/ _ 

  file.cshtml";  

}

15. Mention the possible file extensions used for razor views?

Ans: The different file extensions used for razor views are

• .cshtml: If your MVC application uses C# as the programming language.
• .vbhtml: If your MVC application uses VB as the programming language.

16. Can you define the partial view in MCV?

Ans: The partial view in MVC is referred to as the chunk of HTML that is applied in the current DOM used to componentize Razor views and create and update them at regular intervals. If a URL returns from the partial view gets invoked from the address bar, then, in such case, an incomplete page is displayed with a missing title, style sheets, and script.

17. What is the difference between view and partial view?

Ans: 

View:

• It is not as lightweight as that of the Partial view.
• The view contains its own layout page.
• The Viewstart page is rendered just before rendering any view.
• The View has markup tags of HTML such as HTML, head, body, title, meta, etc.

Partial View:

• It is lightweight than a View.
• The partial view doesn’t contain its own layout page.
• Partial view is designed particularly for rendering within the view.
• The partial view does not contain any markup.

18. What are the benefits of the Area in MVC?

Ans: 

• It helps in organizing models, views, and controllers in different functional sets, including customer support, billing, and various others. 
• It helps in integrating with other Areas which are generated by other applications.
• It is very good at unit testing.

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19. What can help in navigating from one view to another using a hyperlink?

Ans: It is the action link that helps in navigating from one view to another by using a hyperlink. It creates a simple URL and navigates to the “Home” controller and also generates the “Gotohome” action.

20. Point out the different stages of MVC Page life cycle.

Ans: The different stages are of MVC Page life cycle are.

• Initialization of an app.
• Routing.
• Instantiating an object followed by executing the controller.
• Locate as well as invoke the controller action.
• Instantiating and then rendering the view.

21. What are the rules of Razor Syntax?

Ans: The primary rules for creating Razor are.

• The block of Razor codes must be enclosed within @{ ... }.
• Variables and functions of inline expressions should start with @ symbol.
• Variables must be declared by using the ‘var’ keyword.
• Razor code statements are terminated with a semicolon.
• C# files have .cshtml as file extension.

22. Explain briefly about the two approaches of adding constraints to an MVC route.

Ans: The two different approaches of adding constraints to an MVC route are.

• By making use of regular expressions.
• By making use of objects that implement the “IRouteConstraint” interface.

23. How can you implement the MVC forms authentication?

Ans: In order to include a security layer to access the user for a specific service the authentication forms are added. This authentication verifies the user’s identity through the credentials such as username with password or email with a password.

The sample code snippet:

24. Define Scafffolding in MVC?

Ans: It is defined as an ASP.NET’s code-generation framework used in web applications to develop the MVC applications for those who want to rapidly enhance the code that intermingles with the application’s data model. Scaffolding can also reduce the quantity of time to develop a standard data operation in the application.

25. What are the different kinds of Scaffold Templates and their uses?

Ans: The scaffold templates include page templates, field page templates, filter templates, and entity page templates. These templates support the building of a functional data-driven website.

26. What are the differences between View data and View bag?

Ans: 

View data:

• It is used to pass the data from a controller to view.
• It is available only for current requests.
• It requires typecasting for complex data.

View bag:

• It is used to pass the data from the controller to the respective view.
• It is available for all kinds of requests.
• It doesn’t require any kind of typecasting.

27. Can you implement the validation in MVC?

28. Name the different validators available in ASP.NET

Ans: The different validators available in ASP.NET are.

• Range validator
• Compare validator
• Custom validator
• Summary validator
• Regular expression validator
• Required field validator

29. What is

Ans: 

• beforeFilter(): This function is run before every action in the controller. It checks for an active session or inspects the user permissions.
• beforeRender(): It is called after controller action logic, but before the view is rendered. This function is required while you are calling the method render() manually before the end of a given action.
• afterFilter(): It is the last controller method to run. This method is called after every controller action, and after the rendering is done. 

30. Mention the two instances where the routing is not implemented or required.

Ans: The two instances where the routing is not required are.

• When a physical file is found that matches the URL pattern.
• When routing is disabled for a URL pattern.