Hadoop vs MongoDB

What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is a software programming framework, an open source software that is used for handling large volumes of data and compute the same across the network of computers. The Hadoop framework is similar to Shell scripts and C++, purely based on the Java programming language. In simple terms, Hadoop is used to store, process and manage the data across different big data applications that are running as clustered systems.

Hadoop is capable of processing both structured and unstructured data, allowing it to be more scalable among the different servers. Hadoop is categorized into two layers: Map reduce layer, also known as processing and computation layer and storage layer also known as Hadoop Distributed File System.

Why should we use Hadoop?

Hadoop is a set of tools that is used for processing big data. Hadoop is capable of providing the capability of parallel processing of multiple data sets. Let us discuss some of the key factors that mark Hadoop as significant.

1. Storing and processing large volumes of data: Hadoop has the ability of storing and processing large volumes of data and different varieties of data specifically from the Internet of things and social media.
2. Fault tolerance: With Hadoop, the application and data processing have been protected towards hardware failure. Hadoop provides the feature of distributed computing, shifting to other nodes if one of the nodes fails. Hadoop also stores multiple copies of data automatically.
3. Low cost: Hadoop is an open source framework that is available for free and makes use of commodity hardware to store large volumes of data.
4. Flexibility: There is no need of preprocessing of the data before storing the data. You can store any volume of data and also make decisions on how to use it later when needed. Both structured and unstructured data can be stored.
5. Scalability: The growth of the system can be used by handling more volume of data by adding a set of nodes needed. A bit of administration is needed.
6. Computing power: Hadoop is a distributed computing system that helps in the processing of big data in a faster way. The processing power increases when there is an increase in the number of nodes.

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What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is a NoSQL database management platform that is highly scalable and flexible, capable of accommodating different sets of data models and also storing the data in the form of key-value sets. It is a document based platform that is designed as a solution to work with the large volumes of data which cannot be processed through the relational models. MongoDB is available for free and is also an open-source platform.

MongoDB is used by those who need to build the applications that require quick evolution, utilizing the scale out architecture. In simple terms, MongoDB makes use of documents and collections. Collections are the set of the documents and each document includes the set of key value pairs.

Why should we use MongoDB?

There are many reasons why MongoDB stood unique among the other different platforms. Few of them are listed below:

1. Indexing: Indexes are used in MongoDB to improve the performance levels of the searches that take place within MongoDB.
2. Document oriented: MongoDB is a no SQL database which does not require any data in the relational data format while it only stores the data in the form of documents. MongoDB is very adaptable and flexible for the development or building of the applications based on the requirements.
3. Load balancing: MongoDB makes use of the concept of splitting the data among the different instances in the MongoDB. It is capable of running over multiple servers and also capable of balancing the load that is present in the system and also capable of working with the duplicating data to keep the system up and running when there is hardware failure.
4. Replication: MongoDB is capable of providing high availability with the replica sets that include two or more MongoDB instances. Each and every replica set is capable of taking up the primary or a secondary replica role at any point of time. The primary replica is responsible for interacting with the clients and also is considered as the main server which helps in performing the read and write operations. The secondary replica is responsible for maintaining the copy of the information of the data present in the primary replica. So whenever there is a failure that occurs and the primary replica the set will be switching over towards the secondary replica and the secondary server will become the primary server.

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Difference Between MongoDB and Hadoop

Both the platforms or frameworks are definitely the best choices for big data management.However, there are differences among each other and it is the choice of the organization to choose one among them based on their requirements. Let us go through the major differences between Hadoop and MongoDB.

1. Data Storage

Hadoop: Hadoop is capable of storing both structured and unstructured data whereas a traditional database needs structuring and normalization of the data that you will be storing. Hadoop makes use of the distributed file system which helps in adding multiple nodes to a particular cluster and also helps in improving the storage capacity that is available.

MongoDB: MongoDB makes use of the concept of sharding which helps in distributing the data across a multiple nodes that are present with in the cluster and also help in scaling them horizontally.

2. Purpose

Hadoop: Hadoop is primarily designed as a database that is used for storage and retrieval of the data.

MongoDB: MongoDB is used for processing and analysing large volumes of data.

3. Language Used

Hadoop: Hadoop is written in Java programming language. It includes a collection of multiple packages that makes up the processing framework.

MongoDB: MongoDB is written in C++ programming language.

4. Data Processing

Hadoop: Hadoop makes use of the map reduce process to process the large volume of datasets. This algorithm works well when there is a processing of one piece of data at a particular point of time. When there is a need to connect the variables, it works a bit slow when compared with the single time processing.

MongoDB: MongoDB is capable of processing and updating the data using the aggregate pipeline framework provided by MongoDB.

5. Memory Management

Hadoop: The primary concern of Hadoop is with the data storage it is considered as most effective when it comes to the optimisation of the disk space, but there is also a possibility that the query research delivery can be delayed.

MongoDB: MongoDB is capable of making more memory for sending the data quickly. It makes use of indexes keeping them along with some data in the memory which also allows predicting the latency.

6. RDBMS support

Hadoop: Hadoop is definitely not a replacement for the relational database management system but it is also capable of providing additional support for the relational database management system like achieving the data along with some higher set of use cases.

MongoDB: MongoDB is developed with the motto of supplanting or augmenting the relational database management system and also providing it with multiple ranges of potential applications

7. Framework

Hadoop: Hadoop includes different sets of softwares which are responsible for the creation of the data processing framework.

MongoDB: MongoDB is specifically used for querying, aggregating, indexing or replicating the data that is stored in the system. The data that is stored is presented in the form of binary and the data storage is done in the collections.

8. Strength

Hadoop: Hadoop is capable of handling large volumes of batch processes and also capable of running the ETL jobs efficiently.

MongoDB: MongoDB is flexible and robust when compared to Hadoop in terms of its features.

9. Weakness

Hadoop: Hadoop depends upon the name not which can be a point of failure.

MongoDB: MongoDB processes no fault tolerance which might lead to the data loss occasionally.

10. Data Format

Hadoop: Hadoop can be used for working with structured and unstructured data.

MongoDB: MongoDB can be used only in JSON and csv format.

11. Hardware Cost

Hadoop: The cost can be high in Adobe as it is a group of various different softwares.

MongoDB: The cost is comparatively low as it is a single product.

How MongoDB and Hadoop handle real-time data processing?

MongoDB is definitely a clear winner whenever it comes to the real time data processing. Hadoop is also doing a great job by storing and processing large volumes of data. Spark can also be used to make the processing faster. By using this spark framework, the processing of data takes place in the memory which will increase the speed at which the data processing is taking place. MongoDB also has multiple tools which are built in for the purpose of real time data processing. It also makes use of some external tools which are possibly connectors like Spark and Kafka, allowing faster and easy data processing.

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Advantages of MongoDB:

These days, the organizations are definitely looking for faster and quicker access to their data to obtain some meaningful insights and also make precise decisions. The features that are available in MongoDB are capable of solving and meeting the data challenges that occur. Below are some of the advantages of using MongoDB:

• When compared with relational database models that make use of tables, MongoDB makes use of documents which allows representation of a construct in the form of an entity.
• MongoDB also provides extensive support for dynamic querying.
• The scaling becomes easier in MongoDB with its capability of horizontal storage.
• There is no need to enforce a schema in MongoDB as it is implicit and allows easy representation of the inheritance within the database leading to an improvement in the polymorphism of data storage.

Disadvantages of MongoDB:

There is a requirement of manual coding when you need to use joins. This will further lead to slow execution and also less optimum performance.

• There is a hard stop for the document size to be less than 16 MB.
• Then resting functionality can be implemented only up to 100 levels and it is limited.
• As MongoDB does not make use of joins that is a lot of memory requirement because all the files need to be mapped from the disc to memory.

Advantages of Hadoop:

Below listed are the advantages of Hadoop.

• Fast: Hadoop is faster as it makes uses of the Hadoop distributed file system which is involved in mapping the data for faster retrieval. The processing time will be less as the tools will be processing the data within the same server. The crossing time taken for terabytes of data is within minutes itself will ask for Petabytes of data it will be within hours itself.
• Scalable: It is possible to extend the Hadoop cluster by just adding the notes to the cluster.
• Cost effective: It is an open source system that makes use of the commodity for storing the data. And it is cost effective compared with the traditional database management system.
• Resilient to failure: The Hadoop distributed file system is capable of replicating the data over the network, capable of interchanging to a different node when there is a note failure.

Disadvantages of Hadoop:

Below listed are the disadvantages of Hadoop:

• Issue with small files: Hadoop is capable of working with a small number of large files but is not capable of working with a large number of small files.
• Vulnerable: Hadoop is written in the JAVA programming language and it is easily exploited by the cyber criminals, making Hadoop vulnerable to security breaches.
• Batch processing support: Hadoop is capable of providing it support for batch processing not for stream processing. It is capable of working on the data which is collected and stored in the files in advance before the crossing takes place.
• Iterative processing: Hadoop is not capable of doing the iterations by itself. In Hadoop, the data flow takes place in the form of stages whereas the output will be the input for another stage.

Conclusion:

Each and every business unit will have its own requirements and situations. Choosing the right solution for the business is one of the precise decisions taken by the business management. Both Hadoop and MongoDB have their own Features making them significant and popular in the world. Hadoop training and MongoDB training will help you gain the immense knowledge that is required for you to become a professional.

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